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Home » Building Decriptors Reference

6.8 HVAC Primary Systems

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  • Commercial Buildings Energy Modeling Guidelines & Procedures (MGP)
    • Acknowledgments
    • 1 Overview
      • 1.1 Purposes
        • 1.1.1 Baseline Standards
        • 1.1.2 Modeling Assumptions
        • 1.1.3 Percent Savings
      • 1.2 Scope
      • 1.3 Audience
        • 1.3.1 Software Developers
        • 1.3.2 Rating Authorities
        • 1.3.3 Energy Analysts
      • 1.4 Organization
    • 2 General Modeling Procedures
      • 2.1 General Requirements for Data from the User
        • 2.1.1 General
        • 2.1.2 Requirement for Complete Building Description
        • 2.1.3 Building Envelope Descriptions
        • 2.1.4 Space Use Classification
        • 2.1.5 Treatment of Building Descriptors Not Fully Addressed By This Document
      • 2.2 Thermal Blocks, HVAC Zones and Space Functions
        • 2.2.1 Definitions
        • 2.2.2 General Guidance
        • 2.2.3 Number of Thermal Blocks
        • 2.2.4 Space Use Classification Considerations
        • 2.2.5 Envelope Load Considerations
        • 2.2.6 Conformance with HVAC Zones
        • 2.2.7 Combining HVAC Zones
        • 2.2.8 Thermal Blocks in Multifamily Residential Buildings
        • 2.2.9 Plenums
      • 2.3 Unmet Load Hours
      • 2.4 Calculation Procedures
      • 2.5 HVAC Capacity Requirements and Sizing
        • 2.5.1 Specifying HVAC Capacities for the Proposed Design
        • 2.5.2 Sizing Equipment in the Baseline Building
      • 2.6 Ventilation Requirements
    • 3 Software Requirements
      • 3.1 General Requirements
        • 3.1.1 Scope
        • 3.1.2 Calculation Methods
        • 3.1.3 Climate Data
        • 3.1.4 Utility Rates
        • 3.1.5 Thermal Mass
        • 3.1.6 Modeling Space Temperature
        • 3.1.7 Heat Transfer between Thermal Blocks
        • 3.1.8 Control and Operating Schedules
        • 3.1.9 Loads Calculation
        • 3.1.10 Systems Simulation
        • 3.1.11 Managing User Input
      • 3.2 ASHRAE Standard 140-2007 Tests
        • 3.2.1 Using the Spreadsheets
      • 3.3 Modeling Assumptions and Baseline Building Tests
        • 3.3.1 Summary of Required Simulations
        • 3.3.2 Prototypes A1, A3 and A20
        • 3.3.3 Prototypes B1 and C1
        • 3.3.4 Prototype D
    • 4 Content and Format of Standard Reports
      • 4.1 Overview
        • 4.1.1 Content
        • 4.1.2 Format
      • 4.2 Electronic Format: XML
        • 4.2.1 Background
        • 4.2.2 XML File Structure
      • 4.3 Hard Copy Format: PDF
        • 4.3.1 Building Summary
        • 4.3.2 Energy Measures Report
        • 4.3.3 Energy Results Report
        • 4.3.4 Representations Report
    • 5 Energy Costs and Currency Specification
      • 5.1 Overview
      • 5.2 Geographic Regions
      • 5.3 Calculating Zero Energy Performance Index (zEPI)
    • 6 Building Decriptors Reference
      • 6.1 Overview
        • 6.1.1 Definition of Building Descriptors
        • 6.1.2 HVAC System Map
        • 6.1.3 Organization of Information
      • 6.2 Project Data
        • 6.2.1 General Information
        • 6.2.2 Baseline Standard
        • 6.2.3 Geographic and Climate Data
        • 6.2.4 Building Site Characteristics
        • 6.2.5 Calendar
        • 6.2.6 Energy Price Data
      • 6.3 Thermal Blocks
        • 6.3.1 General Information
        • 6.3.2 Interior Lighting
        • 6.3.3 Receptacle and Process Loads
        • 6.3.4 Occupants
        • 6.3.5 Infiltration
        • 6.3.6 Natural Ventilation
        • 6.3.7 Thermal Mass
      • 6.4 Space Uses
        • 6.4.1 General Information
        • 6.4.2 Occupants
        • 6.4.3 Interior Lighting
        • 6.4.4 Daylighting Control
        • 6.4.5 Receptacle and Process Loads
        • 6.4.6 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment
        • 6.4.7 Elevators, Escalators and Moving Walkways
        • 6.4.8 Process, Gas
      • 6.5 Building Envelope Data
        • 6.5.1 Materials
        • 6.5.2 Construction Assemblies
        • 6.5.3 Roofs
        • 6.5.4 Exterior Walls
        • 6.5.5 Exterior Floors
        • 6.5.6 Doors
        • 6.5.7 Fenestration
        • 6.5.8 Below Grade Walls
        • 6.5.9 Slab Floors in Contact with Ground
        • 6.5.10 Heat Transfer between Thermal Blocks
      • 6.6 HVAC Zone Level Systems
        • 6.6.1 Space Temperature Control
        • 6.6.2 Terminal Device Data
        • 6.6.3 Terminal Heating
        • 6.6.4 Baseboard Heat
        • 6.6.5 Zone Level Air Flow
      • 6.7 HVAC Secondary Systems
        • 6.7.1 Basic System Information
        • 6.7.2 System Controls
        • 6.7.3 Fan Systems
        • 6.7.4 Outdoor Air Controls and Economizers
        • 6.7.5 Cooling Systems
        • 6.7.6 Heating Systems
        • 6.7.7 Humidity Controls and Devices
      • 6.8 HVAC Primary Systems
        • 6.8.1 Boilers
        • 6.8.2 Chillers
        • 6.8.3 Cooling Towers
        • 6.8.4 Water-side Economizers
        • 6.8.5 Pumps
        • 6.8.6 Thermal Storage
        • 6.8.7 Heat Recovery Equipment
        • 6.8.8 Plant Management
      • 6.9 Miscellaneous Energy Uses
        • 6.9.1 Water Heating
        • 6.9.2 Exterior Lighting
        • 6.9.3 Swimming Pools
        • 6.9.4 Other Electricity Use
        • 6.9.5 Other Gas Use
      • 6.10 On-Site Power Generation
        • 6.10.1 Photovoltaic Systems
        • 6.10.2 Wind Systems
        • 6.10.3 Cogeneration and Fuel Cells
      • 6.11 Common Data Structures
        • 6.11.1 Schedule
        • 6.11.2 Holidays
        • 6.11.3 Surface Geometry
        • 6.11.4 Opening Geometry
        • 6.11.5 Opening Shade
        • 6.11.6 Construction Assembly
        • 6.11.7 Fenestration Construction
        • 6.11.8 Material
        • 6.11.9 Slab Construction
        • 6.11.10 Exterior Surface Properties
        • 6.11.11 Building Shade
        • 6.11.12 Utility Rate
        • 6.11.13 Occupant Heat Rate
        • 6.11.14 Furniture and Contents
        • 6.11.15 Reference Position in a Space
        • 6.11.16 Two Dimensional Curve
        • 6.11.17 Three Dimensional Curve
        • 6.11.18 Temperature Reset Schedule
        • 6.11.19 Photovoltaic (PV) Panel
        • 6.11.20 Contact
    • 7 Advanced Modeling Tips
      • 7.1 Challenging Building Types
        • 7.1.1 Laboratories
        • 7.1.2 Health Care
        • 7.1.3 Data Centers
      • 7.2 Design Features
        • 7.2.1 Automatically Controlled Window Shades
        • 7.2.2 Active Chilled Beams
        • 7.2.3 Dedicated Outside Air Systems (DOAS)
        • 7.2.4 Displacement ventilation
        • 7.2.5 Gas Engine Driven Heat Pumps
        • 7.2.6 Ground Source Heat Pumps
        • 7.2.7 Ice Storage Air Conditioners
        • 7.2.8 Radiant Heating and/or Cooling
        • 7.2.9 Switchable glazing
        • 7.2.10 UFAD
        • 7.2.11 Variable Refrigerant Flow
    • Download Appendices

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